What Is The Exclusionary Rule?

The exclusionary rule is the principal judicial remedy courts use to deter Fourth Amendment violations.

When a court applies the exclusionary rule society pays a significant cost.

After all, the exclusion of evidence means:

• Ignoring Reliable Often Trustworthy Evidence
• Setting a Criminal Loose Back Into the Community
• Interfering With Functions of a Judge or the Jury

Like many things in the law, there is a balancing of competing interests that must be weighed before the exclusionary rule can be applied.

Society Pays A Heavy Price For The Exclusionary Rule

The significant costs of the exclusionary rule have led courts to apply it only where its deterrence benefits outweigh its substantial social costs.

Application of the exclusionary rule must be limited to those “unusual cases” where it can achieve its sole objective of deterring future fourth amendment or constitutional violations.

The Good Faith Exception Says…

The idea is that when police act in good faith there is no illicit conduct to deter. Police who relied on binding appellate precedent are not subject to the exclusionary rule.

In Illinois the exclusionary rule and the good faith exception are applied the same way as in the federal system.

Suppression of evidence has always been the last resort, not a court’s first impulse.

See People v. Turner

See People v. Turner, 2018 IL App (1st) 170204 (February). Episode 462 (Duration 9:30) (Good faith exception saves this warrantless blood draw.), quoting Davis v. United States, 564 U.S. 229, 241 (2011).

See Also People v. LeFlore

People v. LeFlore, 2015 IL 116799 (May). Episode 075 (Duration 25:16)

Issue

The issue that the Illinois Supreme Court was reviewing was whether the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule is applicable under the circumstances of this case?

Facts

Defendant was convicted of aggravated robbery for holding up a gas station with a cane wrapped-up to look like shot-gun.

Procedural History

While this case was pending on appeal, the United States Supreme Court decided United States v. Jones, 132 S. Ct. 945, 948-49 (2012).

This case held that police need a warrant if they are going to use a GPS tracking device on a car. This case was not out when police used a GPS

Holding

The court held that suppression of evidence was not warranted in this case because binding precedent existed and the officer was objectively reasonable in relying on the legal landscape.

The court cited the following cases in support of the argument that binding precedent existed:

• Davis v. United States, 131 S. Ct. 2419, 2427 (2011)
• United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983)
• United States v. Karo, 468 U.S. 705 (1984),
• United States v. Garcia, 474 F.3d 994, 996-97 (7th Cir. 2007)

See Also

• Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 81 S.Ct. 1684 (1961)
• Wong Sun v. US, 371 US 471 (1963) (independent sources and attenuation may not mean exclusion is proper)
• People v. Berry, 314 Ill.App.3d 1 (1st Dist. 2000) (fruit of the poisonous tree discussed in contexts of a phone search)
• People v. Krueger, 175 Ill.2d 60 (1996) (no knock and the exclusionary rule)
• People v. Carlson, 185 Ill2d 546 (case where exclusionary rule did not apply)
• People v. Gabbard, 67 Ill.App.3d 945 (4th Dist. 1979) (it doesn’t make sense to exclude identification evidence after an unlawful stop in a DWLS), See also Peope v. Gabbard, 78 Ill.2d 88
• People v. Galvez, 401 Ill.App.3d 716 (another DWLS identification case)